為全面掌握我國生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性受威脅(xie)狀況，提(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性保護(hu)(hu)的科(ke)學性和有效性，2008年，生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境部(bu)（原(yuan)環(huan)境保護(hu)(hu)部(bu)）聯合中(zhong)國科(ke)學院(yuan)啟(qi)動了(le)《中(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性紅(hong)色(se)(se)名(ming)錄(lu)》的編制(zhi)工作(zuo)，并(bing)于2013年9月(yue)、2015年5月(yue)先后發布《中(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性紅(hong)色(se)(se)名(ming)錄(lu)—高等植(zhi)物卷(juan)》《中(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性紅(hong)色(se)(se)名(ming)錄(lu)—脊椎動物卷(juan)》。2018年5月(yue)22日(ri)，在第25個“國際生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性日(ri)”專題宣傳活動上(shang)，生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境部(bu)聯合中(zhong)科(ke)院(yuan)又發布了(le)《中(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)性紅(hong)色(se)(se)名(ming)錄(lu)—大型真菌卷(juan)》。

《中國生物多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性紅色名錄》的評(ping)(ping)估(gu)工作是一項(xiang)規模龐(pang)大的系統工程，歷時十(shi)年，匯集了全國600多(duo)(duo)位專家，對我(wo)國已知的高等植物、脊椎動物（海洋魚類(lei)除外）和大型真菌受威脅狀況進行(xing)了全面(mian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)，是全球迄(qi)今為止評(ping)(ping)估(gu)物種數(shu)量最大、類(lei)群范圍最寬、覆(fu)蓋(gai)地域最廣、信息最全、參(can)與專家人(ren)數(shu)最多(duo)(duo)的評(ping)(ping)估(gu)。主要成果如下：

第一，完善了(le)我國(guo)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)息。評估統(tong)計了(le)34450 種(zhong)(zhong)（含種(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)等(deng)級）高(gao)等(deng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、4357種(zhong)(zhong)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)9302種(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)型(xing)真(zhen)菌，完善了(le)中國(guo)高(gao)等(deng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)錄，確(que)定了(le)中國(guo)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)豐(feng)富度在世界(jie)的排名(ming)，對我國(guo)已知的14511個(ge)大(da)(da)型(xing)真(zhen)菌物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)稱(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)理、核對和(he)訂正，確(que)認(ren)了(le)9302個(ge)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。

第(di)二，補充完善(shan)了(le)(le) IUCN 紅色名(ming)錄(lu)評(ping)(ping)估等級標(biao)準體系。根據不同生物類群的(de)生物學特(te)性，完善(shan)了(le)(le)評(ping)(ping)估標(biao)準，解決了(le)(le)爬行類、兩棲(qi)類與(yu)內陸(lu)魚類瀕危等級評(ping)(ping)定中(zhong)出現的(de)難題，填補了(le)(le)大型真菌紅色名(ming)錄(lu)評(ping)(ping)估標(biao)準的(de)空白，為國際紅色名(ming)錄(lu)評(ping)(ping)估工作貢獻了(le)(le)中(zhong)國智慧。

第三，對中(zhong)國高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)、脊椎動物(wu)和大型真菌受威脅狀況進行(xing)了分類評(ping)估。評(ping)估結果(guo)顯示(shi)，我國34450種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)，絕滅(mie)27 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，野外絕滅(mie)10 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，地區(qu)絕滅(mie)15 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，極危(wei)(wei)(wei)583 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，瀕危(wei)(wei)(wei)1297 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，易危(wei)(wei)(wei)1887 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，近危(wei)(wei)(wei)2723 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，無危(wei)(wei)(wei)24296 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，數據缺乏3612 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。受威脅物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（極危(wei)(wei)(wei)、瀕危(wei)(wei)(wei)和易危(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）共計3767 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，約占(zhan)植(zhi)物(wu)總數的10.9%。

4357 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脊椎(zhui)動物中，滅絕(jue)4 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、野外滅絕(jue)3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、區(qu)域滅絕(jue)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、極瀕(bin)185種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、瀕(bin)危(wei)288種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、易危(wei)459種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、近危(wei)598 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、無(wu)危(wei)1869種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、數(shu)據缺乏941 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。受(shou)威脅脊椎(zhui)動物共計932 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占被評估物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)的21.4%。

9302種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)型真菌(jun)中，疑似滅絕(jue)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，極危(wei)(wei)(wei)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、瀕危(wei)(wei)(wei)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、易(yi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、近危(wei)(wei)(wei)101種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、無危(wei)(wei)(wei)2764種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、數據不足6340種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。受(shou)威脅大(da)(da)型真菌(jun)97種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占評估物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數的1.04%。

第四，評估了(le)我國生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性受威脅(xie)的(de)原(yuan)因。高等植物(wu)瀕危滅絕的(de)主(zhu)要因素是生(sheng)境退(tui)化(hua)(hua)或(huo)喪失(shi)，其中農林牧副漁業發展帶來的(de)影響最大(da)。脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)物(wu)種瀕危滅絕的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因是人類活動(dong)導致的(de)生(sheng)境喪失(shi)和(he)退(tui)化(hua)(hua)以及過度利(li)(li)用(yong)，非法貿(mao)易(yi)則是珍稀脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)瀕危的(de)原(yuan)因。全球(qiu)環(huan)境變化(hua)(hua)、修建水(shui)電(dian)站和(he)水(shui)利(li)(li)設施、水(shui)體和(he)土(tu)壤污染(ran)影響了(le)水(shui)鳥、爬行(xing)類、兩棲類和(he)內陸魚類生(sheng)存(cun)。食藥用(yong)大(da)型真菌的(de)主(zhu)要威脅(xie)因子(zi)是過度采挖和(he)開發利(li)(li)用(yong)，以及不良的(de)采挖方式。地衣的(de)主(zhu)要受威脅(xie)因素是環(huan)境污染(ran)和(he)生(sheng)境退(tui)化(hua)(hua)。

我(wo)國高(gao)度重視生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性保(bao)護，并不斷加(jia)大工作力度。本次紅色名錄評估結(jie)果(guo)顯示，朱鹮、藏羚羊、德保(bao)蘇鐵等一批(pi)國家重點保(bao)護物種和瀕危(wei)(wei)物種得到較好保(bao)護，野外種群得到恢(hui)復，受威脅(xie)等級(ji)下降(jiang)。但同時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)資源過度利用(yong)、環境污(wu)染(ran)、棲(qi)息(xi)地破壞等因(yin)素(su)，也有部分(fen)物種瀕危(wei)(wei)程度加(jia)劇，受威脅(xie)等級(ji)上升。如長江江豚(tun)數量急劇減(jian)少(shao)，由(you)瀕危(wei)(wei)上升為(wei)極危(wei)(wei)，爪哇金絲燕(yan)因(yin)采集燕(yan)窩由(you)無危(wei)(wei)上升為(wei)極危(wei)(wei)，鰣魚由(you)于(yu)過度捕撈等原(yuan)因(yin)，由(you)瀕危(wei)(wei)上升為(wei)極危(wei)(wei)。

《中國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)紅色名(ming)錄》的(de)(de)發布為制定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護政策和規劃的(de)(de)制定(ding)提供科學依據，為開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)科學研究提供數(shu)據基礎，為公眾參與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護創造必要條(tiao)件(jian)，是貫徹落(luo)實(shi)《中國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護戰略與(yu)行(xing)動計劃（2011-2030年(nian)）》和履行(xing)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)公約(yue)》的(de)(de)具體行(xing)動，必將(jiang)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護與(yu)管(guan)理(li)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)深遠(yuan)的(de)(de)影(ying)響。