2018中非合(he)作(zuo)論壇北京峰(feng)會(hui)于9月3-4日舉行(xing)(xing)。聯(lian)合(he)國副(fu)秘書(shu)長兼聯(lian)合(he)國環境署(shu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)主任埃里(li)克·索爾海姆發表(biao)署(shu)名文(wen)章(zhang)，稱贊中國在(zai)打擊珍稀野生動物交易(yi)及建設生態(tai)文(wen)明方面取(qu)得的成績，表(biao)示相關經驗尤其值(zhi)得非洲國家借鑒(jian)。

一(yi)(yi)名偷(tou)獵老手可以(yi)惟妙(miao)惟肖地模仿大象(xiang)被(bei)殺死(si)時(shi)發(fa)出的(de)尖(jian)叫(jiao)聲(sheng)，還(huan)能繪聲(sheng)繪色地描述(shu)一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)大象(xiang)看到同伴(ban)倒地時(shi)哀嚎的(de)景象(xiang)。他們還(huan)知道，當(dang)母象(xiang)被(bei)殺死(si)后，幼(you)象(xiang)會圍著她(ta)殘破的(de)尸體，在悲痛中等(deng)待自己的(de)死(si)亡。

Veteran poachers have killed so many elephants that they can often imitate the screams the animals make when speared. They can tell you how other elephants howl in distress when they see one of their own felled. Calves have been known to circle the disfigured body of their mother for days in mourning, even until their own death.

 象(xiang)是大(da)自然(ran)的(de)(de)杰作，它(ta)們聰(cong)敏智慧，卻(que)遭受如此(ci)野蠻對(dui)待(dai)，全然(ran)因(yin)為人類(lei)對(dui)象(xiang)牙等光(guang)鮮亮麗的(de)(de)物件的(de)(de)貪念和欲望(wang)。早期的(de)(de)西方(fang)殖民者最(zui)先有了對(dui)象(xiang)牙的(de)(de)需(xu)求，在當(dang)時(shi)，象(xiang)牙是至高的(de)(de)獎賞；時(shi)至今日，消(xiao)費水平的(de)(de)提(ti)升極(ji)大(da)地推高了象(xiang)牙需(xu)求，而偷獵活動也“進化”到了產業化運(yun)作的(de)(de)程(cheng)度。

Behind the savagery visited on these magnificent, highly sensitive and intelligent creatures lies greed and a desire for shiny objects – sometimes rooted in trends, and sometimes tradition. It began with the early white settlers, with ivory becoming one of the great prizes of the colonial era. In recent years, however, demand has skyrocketed to match the rise in global consumer wealth, and poaching has reached an industrial scale.

過(guo)去十年，偷(tou)獵者(zhe)為了(le)獲取象(xiang)(xiang)牙殺(sha)死了(le)十萬(wan)多頭(tou)非洲象(xiang)(xiang)，超過(guo)非洲象(xiang)(xiang)種群總數的(de)四(si)分(fen)之一。許多象(xiang)(xiang)牙被運(yun)往(wang)亞洲地(di)區，制作成(cheng)(cheng)飾品供人(ren)們交易(yi)，成(cheng)(cheng)為身份和地(di)位的(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征。

Over the past decade, poachers have slaughtered more than 100,000 African elephants for their ivory – more than one quarter of the population. Many of the tusks ended up in China and other parts of Asia, where they were turned into trinkets and marketed as status symbols.

這些非(fei)法(fa)交易在(zai)迫害大象的同時，也給那些腐敗分子和犯罪集(ji)團帶去了巨大利益，世界和諧穩定受到(dao)威(wei)脅。

Elephants are not the only victims. The illegal trade has generated enormous profits that feed corruption and financial criminal cartels, stoking instability around the world.

為響應1989年起實施的國(guo)際(ji)禁令，中國(guo)宣(xuan)布全面(mian)禁止(zhi)象(xiang)牙交易，這一決(jue)定值得高度贊揚，它也(ye)明確傳達出(chu)了中國(guo)的立場：中國(guo)會(hui)成(cheng)為世(shi)界環(huan)保行動的領(ling)軍者。

That is why China’s decision to ban the sale of ivory nationally, to come in line with the international ban that has been in place since 1989, deserves huge praise. The government ban will shut down the legal trade in ivory, and establish a new narrative for China’s worldview: as a leader for environmental action.

通過調(diao)查發現，在中國(guo)三大城市中有95%的(de)人(ren)支持全(quan)面(mian)禁止象(xiang)牙貿(mao)易，并(bing)相信禁止此類貿(mao)易有助于保護非洲象(xiang)。而就幾年前，類似的(de)調(diao)查顯示大多(duo)數人(ren)都(dou)不(bu)知(zhi)道獲取完整的(de)象(xiang)牙需要殺死(si)一頭(tou)大象(xiang)，很多(duo)人(ren)以為拔掉(diao)象(xiang)牙不(bu)會對大象(xiang)造成什么傷害(hai)。

Surveys in China’s three largest cities found that 95 percent of people supported the ban because they believed it would protect African elephants. Only a few years ago, similar surveys found that average people did not even realize that an elephant had to die to obtain ivory – as the word for ivory in Chinese means tooth – many people thought it was gathered without harm.

禁令得(de)到(dao)了大(da)多數的人支持(chi)確(que)實是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)大(da)勝(sheng)利(li)，不(bu)過終結(jie)對(dui)大(da)象的屠殺還有很長的路要走。和黑市交(jiao)易(yi)相比(bi)，過去合法的象牙交(jiao)易(yi)本來就(jiu)只是(shi)冰山一(yi)(yi)角(jiao)，消滅(mie)非法象牙交(jiao)易(yi)才(cai)是(shi)真正的挑戰所在。

That the ban has such widespread support is a major victory. The fight to end the slaughter, however, is far from over. While the ban sends a strong message that ivory products are now taboo, the legal trade is only a very small part of the problem.

所謂(wei)“沒有(you)(you)買賣就沒有(you)(you)傷害(hai)”，贏(ying)得這(zhe)場大象(xiang)保衛(wei)戰的(de)關鍵在于減少(shao)需(xu)(xu)求。轉變人們(men)(men)的(de)思想需(xu)(xu)要(yao)有(you)(you)一個過(guo)程，然而非洲象(xiang)卻(que)等(deng)不起(qi)。我們(men)(men)要(yao)馬上(shang)行動(dong)起(qi)來，做出切(qie)實改變。我們(men)(men)要(yao)從供應鏈下手，加強執法力度，打擊走私犯罪團(tuan)伙，阻斷大規模的(de)互聯網貿易，破壞他們(men)(men)藏匿資(zi)金的(de)避(bi)稅渠(qu)道(dao)。中非之間可以(yi)進行更(geng)高級(ji)別(bie)的(de)安保合作，確保以(yi)上(shang)舉措有(you)(you)效實施。

The bigger battle lies in tackling the far larger illegal trade. Reducing demand will be a key weapon in this fight but changing minds takes years of hard work – time that the world’s dwindling population of elephants may not have. It is essential that we also come down hard on the supply chain. This means tackling the booming internet trade, strengthening law enforcement, smashing the criminal cartels running smuggling operations and disrupting the tax havens where they stash their money. Much of this will require improved security cooperation between China and countries in Africa where the slaughter, and initial trafficking, takes place.

 當前，中(zhong)國在(zai)非(fei)洲(zhou)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)力持(chi)續擴(kuo)大，加上(shang)“一帶一路”倡議(yi)的(de)(de)推(tui)進，這種影響(xiang)力會(hui)進一步(bu)提升。在(zai)非(fei)洲(zhou)的(de)(de)中(zhong)國僑民人(ren)數超過100萬人(ren)，大部分非(fei)洲(zhou)國家(jia)中(zhong)都活躍(yue)著中(zhong)國企(qi)業的(de)(de)身影。在(zai)非(fei)洲(zhou)民眾心中(zhong)，中(zhong)國的(de)(de)聲譽也很不錯，一項調查(cha)顯(xian)示，70%的(de)(de)非(fei)洲(zhou)人(ren)表示對中(zhong)國持(chi)積(ji)極態度。

China’s influence in Africa is growing, and with the Belt and Road Initiative, it is certain to grow further. There are more than one million Chinese expats living in Africa. Chinese firms have a strong foothold in most of its 54 countries. China’s reputation on the continent is also broadly positive. In attitude surveys, 70 percent of Africans say they view the country positively.

通過(guo)加強信息(xi)共享，中(zhong)非雙(shuang)方可以更有(you)效地(di)攜手遏制偷獵、走(zou)私活動，打(da)擊犯罪集(ji)團。中(zhong)方應進一步(bu)加強執法力(li)度，而(er)非方應在發展(zhan)當(dang)(dang)地(di)生態(tai)旅游(you)和其(qi)他產業過(guo)程中(zhong)給予專業指導，當(dang)(dang)人們有(you)更多方式謀生，就無需去偷獵，這(zhe)就從(cong)根本上消除了(le)非法狩(shou)獵的(de)動機。

Better intelligence sharing with African countries could seriously disrupt the smuggling rackets and break the cartels. China could also strengthen anti-poaching teams – the embattled first line of defence against poachers – and support institutions that tackle corruption, including police and customs officials at African ports. Africa also needs expertise in eco-tourism and alternative livelihood programs that undermine the financial incentives for poaching.

此外，中(zhong)國企業(ye)也可以在生(sheng)(sheng)態環境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)事業(ye)中(zhong)有(you)所作為(wei)。前不久(jiu)，馬(ma)云代(dai)表阿里巴巴公益(yi)基(ji)金(jin)會和桃(tao)花源生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)基(ji)金(jin)會來到南非(fei)開普敦，為(wei)50名一(yi)線野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)巡護(hu)(hu)員頒(ban)獎。他在頒(ban)獎儀式(shi)上做出承諾，支持(chi)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，并指出野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)巡護(hu)(hu)員是一(yi)項高危職業(ye)，不僅需要在財力上給予支持(chi)，還需要技術(shu)等其他資源的(de)支持(chi)。

Chinese businesses can also get involved. I was in South Africa recently for the African Ranger Awards Ceremony, where Jack Ma, the co-founder of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba, pledged his support for wildlife conservation. He said rangers should not only be given monetary support, but also the resources and technology they need to carry out their dangerous work. That’s a great example of the positive role Chinese businesses can play.

歷史(shi)會記住中(zhong)國為世界做出的貢(gong)獻(xian)。現在(zai)，中(zhong)國儼然(ran)成為非洲象和其它珍(zhen)稀(xi)物種的救(jiu)星，讓這些大(da)自然(ran)留(liu)給(gei)我們(men)的生(sheng)靈有地可棲。

Such steps could well see China go down in history as the saviour of the African elephant and other precious species – something that would be an incredible legacy.

回到(dao)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府正(zheng)在下大氣力應(ying)對嚴(yan)峻的(de)環境問題。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)啟用了(le)世界上最大規(gui)模的(de)空氣質(zhi)量監(jian)測系統(tong)檢測霧霾，設計更(geng)加(jia)宜居節能的(de)城(cheng)市，投資(zi)綠(lv)色能源(yuan)。在可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)領(ling)域，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)投入(ru)了(le)數百億美元(yuan)，比其(qi)他任何(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家都多，并證明了(le)經濟增(zeng)長不需要(yao)高污(wu)染排(pai)放為代價。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)這些變化(hua)可(ke)(ke)喜可(ke)(ke)賀，而其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家如果想(xiang)要(yao)減少資(zi)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗同時提升人們生活質(zhi)量，不妨向(xiang)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)學習。

At home, China has made a series of giant strides toward addressing some of the country’s toughest environmental challenges. It has installed the largest air-quality monitoring systems in the world to combat the smog that shrouds its cities. It is designing better, more energy-efficient cities and investing in cleaner forms of transport. It has pumped tens of billions of dollars into renewable energy – more than any other country, proving strong economic growth does not require high emissions. The transformation is incredible, and one that other countries need to emulate if the world is to reduce resource use while continuing to lift people from poverty.

以(yi)上進步只是中國(guo)建設生態文(wen)明，回(hui)歸人與(yu)自然(ran)和(he)諧共處宏偉目標的(de)(de)一個縮影。中國(guo)正在打造一個資源節約型(xing)(xing)、環(huan)境(jing)友好型(xing)(xing)社會(hui)，而生態環(huan)境(jing)保護是一切經濟(ji)活動和(he)人民美好生活的(de)(de)根基。

These advances are part of China’s ambitious vision to build what it calls an “ecological civilization” – an ambition that harks back to its ancient philosophy of harmony with nature. The modern-day plan is to create a resource-efficient, environmentally-friendly society that recognizes the environment for what it is: the bedrock of our economies and our way of life, and therefore fundamental to our survival.

中國(guo)的(de)經驗(yan)打破了一直以來(lai)經濟發展(zhan)(zhan)必(bi)然伴隨著環境破壞的(de)魔咒。中國(guo)可以以自(zi)身(shen)獨特的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)經歷為例，幫助非洲找到適合(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)化道(dao)路，完成跨越式發展(zhan)(zhan)。

By sharing its phenomenal development journey, China can help Africa leapfrog the rest of the world. That means helping African nations steer a more considered course to industrialization. China, after all, has suffered more from pollution than most nations, and has done more to tackle it. More broadly, it means showing that the old ways of development accompanied by environmental destruction can be broken.

早期(qi)人類(lei)發展史通(tong)常是這樣：人們遷徙到哪里(li)，就獵殺到哪里(li)。美洲的(de)乳齒象和巨河貍(li)，澳大利(li)亞的(de)袋熊和袋獅……這些已滅(mie)絕的(de)大型動物都是這種可悲(bei)的(de)發展模(mo)式的(de)犧牲(sheng)品。非洲象在地球存在了六千萬(wan)年，它(ta)們能否(fou)逃過這一劫呢(ni)？

Early human history often follows a sad pattern. Humans arrive in new lands and learn how to hunt the local wildlife for food. Large, plodding megafauna – America’s mastodons and giant beavers, Australia’s two-ton wombats and marsupial lions – tend to disappear first. The African elephant, which has roamed the earth for 60 million years, has so far bucked this trend.

歷(li)史是否會(hui)重演，人類是否會(hui)再從地球上抹(mo)去(qu)一個大型物種(zhong)，還要看生(sheng)態文明發展與社會(hui)發展能(neng)否和諧共(gong)進。

Whether history repeats itself and humans wipe out yet another of the world’s big beasts will depend greatly on how well ecological civilization is married to its development.