良(liang)好(hao)生態(tai)環境是(shi)實(shi)現中華民族永續發展的(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)要求，是(shi)增進民生福祉的(de)(de)優先領域。為深入學習貫徹習近平新時(shi)代中國特色社會主義(yi)思想和(he)黨的(de)(de)十九大精(jing)神，決勝全面建成小康社會，全面加(jia)強生態(tai)環境保護，打好(hao)污染防治攻堅戰，提升生態(tai)文明，建設美麗中國，現提出如下(xia)意見。

一、深刻認識生態環境保護面臨的形勢

黨(dang)(dang)的(de)十八大(da)以來，以習(xi)近平同志為(wei)(wei)核(he)心的(de)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)把(ba)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)(jian)設作為(wei)(wei)統(tong)籌(chou)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)“五位(wei)一(yi)體(ti)”總體(ti)布局(ju)和(he)(he)協調推(tui)(tui)進(jin)“四個全面”戰略布局(ju)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容，謀劃開(kai)展(zhan)了一(yi)系列根(gen)本性(xing)(xing)、長(chang)遠性(xing)(xing)、開(kai)創性(xing)(xing)工(gong)作，推(tui)(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護從(cong)實(shi)踐到(dao)認(ren)識發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了歷史(shi)性(xing)(xing)、轉(zhuan)折性(xing)(xing)、全局(ju)性(xing)(xing)變化。各地區各部門認(ren)真(zhen)貫徹落實(shi)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)務院決策(ce)部署，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護制度(du)體(ti)系加快形成，全面節約資源有效推(tui)(tui)進(jin)，大(da)氣、水、土壤污染防治行動計劃深入(ru)實(shi)施，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)保(bao)護和(he)(he)修復重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)展(zhan)順利(li)，核(he)與輻射(she)安全得到(dao)有效保(bao)障，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)(jian)設成效顯(xian)著，美麗中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)設邁(mai)出(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)步伐，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)成為(wei)(wei)全球生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參(can)與者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、貢獻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、引領者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。

同(tong)時，我國生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建(jian)(jian)設和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境保護面(mian)臨不(bu)(bu)少困難和(he)挑戰(zhan)，存在許多不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。一些地方(fang)和(he)部門對生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境保護認(ren)識不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)，責任落實(shi)不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)；經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境保護的矛(mao)盾仍(reng)然突(tu)出，資源環(huan)(huan)(huan)境承載能力已經(jing)達到或接近上限；城鄉(xiang)區域統籌不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，新老環(huan)(huan)(huan)境問(wen)題(ti)(ti)交織，區域性(xing)(xing)、布局(ju)性(xing)(xing)、結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境風險(xian)凸(tu)顯，重污(wu)染天氣(qi)、黑臭水體(ti)、垃圾圍城、生(sheng)(sheng)態破壞等問(wen)題(ti)(ti)時有發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。這些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，成為重要的民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)之患、民(min)心之痛，成為經(jing)濟社會可持續發(fa)展(zhan)的瓶頸制約，成為全面(mian)建(jian)(jian)成小康(kang)社會的明顯短板。

進入新時代(dai)，解決人(ren)民日益增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的美好(hao)生(sheng)活需(xu)要和不平衡不充分的發(fa)展之間的矛(mao)盾對生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)保護提(ti)出許多(duo)新要求。當(dang)前，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建設正處于壓(ya)力疊加、負(fu)重前行的關(guan)鍵期(qi)，已進入提(ti)供更多(duo)優質生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產品以滿足(zu)人(ren)民日益增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的優美生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)需(xu)要的攻堅期(qi)，也到了有條件(jian)有能力解決突(tu)出生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)問題的窗口期(qi)。必(bi)須加大力度(du)、加快(kuai)治理、加緊(jin)攻堅，打好(hao)標(biao)志性的重大戰役，為人(ren)民創(chuang)造良好(hao)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活環境(jing)。

二、深入貫徹習近平生態文明思想

習近平(ping)總書記傳承中(zhong)華民族傳統(tong)文化、順(shun)應時代潮流(liu)和人民意愿，站在堅(jian)持和發展中(zhong)國特色社會主義(yi)、實(shi)現(xian)中(zhong)華民族偉(wei)大復興中(zhong)國夢的(de)戰(zhan)略高度，深刻回答了(le)為什么建(jian)(jian)設生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)、建(jian)(jian)設什么樣的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)、怎(zen)樣建(jian)(jian)設生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)等重(zhong)大理論和實(shi)踐問題(ti)，系統(tong)形成了(le)習近平(ping)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)思想(xiang)，有力指導生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)建(jian)(jian)設和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保護(hu)取(qu)得歷史(shi)性成就、發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷史(shi)性變革(ge)。

堅持生態(tai)(tai)興(xing)則文明(ming)興(xing)。建設(she)生態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)是關系中華民族(zu)永續發展(zhan)的根(gen)本大(da)計，功在當代、利(li)在千秋，關系人民福祉，關乎民族(zu)未來。

堅持人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)和諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)就(jiu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)，建設生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)就(jiu)是(shi)造福人(ren)(ren)類(lei)。必須尊重(zhong)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)、順應自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，像保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)眼睛一樣保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)，像對待生(sheng)命一樣對待生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)，推(tui)動形(xing)成人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)和諧(xie)發展現代化建設新格(ge)局，還自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)以(yi)寧靜、和諧(xie)、美麗。

堅持綠(lv)(lv)(lv)水青山(shan)就是(shi)金(jin)山(shan)銀山(shan)。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)水青山(shan)既是(shi)自然財(cai)富(fu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)財(cai)富(fu)，又是(shi)社會財(cai)富(fu)、經濟財(cai)富(fu)。保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境就是(shi)保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力，改(gai)善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境就是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力。必須堅持和(he)貫(guan)徹綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念，平(ping)衡和(he)處理(li)好發(fa)展(zhan)與保護的關系(xi)，推動形成綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方式(shi)，堅定不移(yi)走生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產發(fa)展(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活富(fu)裕、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)良好的文明發(fa)展(zhan)道路(lu)。

堅持良(liang)好生態(tai)環(huan)境是最(zui)普惠的(de)民生福(fu)祉。生態(tai)文明建(jian)設同每個人(ren)息息相關(guan)。環(huan)境就是民生，青山就是美麗(li)，藍天也(ye)是幸福(fu)。必須堅持以人(ren)民為(wei)中心，重點(dian)解決損害群眾健康的(de)突出(chu)環(huan)境問題，提供(gong)更(geng)多(duo)優質生態(tai)產(chan)品。

堅持山水林田湖草是(shi)生(sheng)命共同體(ti)。生(sheng)態(tai)環境是(shi)統(tong)一的(de)有(you)機整體(ti)。必須按照系(xi)統(tong)工程的(de)思路，構建生(sheng)態(tai)環境治理體(ti)系(xi)，著力擴大環境容量和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)空間，全方位、全地(di)域、全過(guo)程開展生(sheng)態(tai)環境保護。

堅持用(yong)最嚴格制(zhi)度最嚴密法治保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境。保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境必(bi)須依靠(kao)制(zhi)度、依靠(kao)法治。必(bi)須構建產權清(qing)晰、多元參與、激勵約(yue)束并重(zhong)、系統完整(zheng)的生(sheng)態(tai)文明制(zhi)度體系，讓制(zhi)度成為剛性約(yue)束和不可觸碰的高壓線(xian)。

堅(jian)持建(jian)設(she)美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)國全民行動。美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)國是(shi)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)共同(tong)參(can)與共同(tong)建(jian)設(she)共同(tong)享有的事業。必(bi)須加強生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)宣(xuan)傳教育，牢固樹(shu)立生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)價值觀念和行為準(zhun)則(ze)，把建(jian)設(she)美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)國化(hua)為全民自覺行動。

堅持共(gong)(gong)(gong)謀全球生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)建設。生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)建設是構(gou)建人類命運共(gong)(gong)(gong)同體(ti)的重要內容。必須同舟共(gong)(gong)(gong)濟、共(gong)(gong)(gong)同努力，構(gou)筑尊崇自(zi)然、綠色發展的生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)體(ti)系，推(tui)動全球生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境治理，建設清潔美麗世界。

習近(jin)平生態(tai)文明(ming)思想為(wei)(wei)推進美(mei)麗中國(guo)建設(she)、實(shi)(shi)現人與自然和(he)諧共生的現代化提供了方向指(zhi)引和(he)根本(ben)遵循，必須用(yong)以武裝(zhuang)頭腦、指(zhi)導實(shi)(shi)踐、推動(dong)工(gong)作(zuo)。要教育(yu)廣大干(gan)部增強“四(si)個意識”，樹(shu)立(li)正(zheng)確政績觀，把生態(tai)文明(ming)建設(she)重大部署和(he)重要任務(wu)落到實(shi)(shi)處(chu)，讓良(liang)好(hao)(hao)生態(tai)環境(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)人民幸福生活的增長點(dian)、成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)經濟社會持續健康發展的支撐點(dian)、成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)展現我國(guo)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)形象的發力點(dian)。

三、全面加強黨對生態環境保護的領導

加強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保護、堅決打(da)好污(wu)染(ran)防治攻堅戰是黨(dang)和(he)(he)國家的重大決策(ce)部(bu)(bu)署，各(ge)級(ji)黨(dang)委和(he)(he)政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)對生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明建設和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保護的總體設計和(he)(he)組織(zhi)領導，統籌協(xie)調處(chu)理重大問題，指導、推(tui)動、督(du)促各(ge)地(di)區各(ge)部(bu)(bu)門(men)落實(shi)黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國務院重大政(zheng)策(ce)措(cuo)施。

（一）落(luo)實(shi)黨(dang)政主(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任。落(luo)實(shi)領導干部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任制，嚴格實(shi)行(xing)(xing)黨(dang)政同責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、一崗雙(shuang)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。地方(fang)各(ge)級(ji)黨(dang)委和政府必須堅(jian)決扛起生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的政治責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任，對本行(xing)(xing)政區(qu)域(yu)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)作及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量負總責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，主(zhu)要(yao)負責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)人是(shi)本行(xing)(xing)政區(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)第一責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任人，至少每(mei)季度(du)研究一次生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)作，其(qi)他有(you)關領導成員在職責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)范圍內承(cheng)擔相(xiang)應責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任。各(ge)地要(yao)制定責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任清(qing)單(dan)，把(ba)任務分解落(luo)實(shi)到有(you)關部門(men)。抓緊(jin)出(chu)臺(tai)中央和國(guo)家機關相(xiang)關部門(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任清(qing)單(dan)。各(ge)相(xiang)關部門(men)要(yao)履行(xing)(xing)好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，制定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)年(nian)度(du)工(gong)(gong)作計(ji)劃和措施(shi)。各(ge)地區(qu)各(ge)部門(men)落(luo)實(shi)情況每(mei)年(nian)向(xiang)黨(dang)中央、國(guo)務院報告。

健(jian)全環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)機制(zhi)(zhi)。完善(shan)中央和(he)省級環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)體(ti)系，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)工(gong)作規定(ding)，以解決突出生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)題、改善(shan)生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量、推動高(gao)質量發展為重點，夯實生態文明(ming)建(jian)設和(he)生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)政(zheng)治責任，推動環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)向縱深發展。完善(shan)督(du)查、交辦(ban)、巡查、約談、專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)督(du)察(cha)機制(zhi)(zhi)，開展重點區域、重點領域、重點行業專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)督(du)察(cha)。

（二(er)）強化考(kao)核(he)問責。制定對省（自(zi)治(zhi)區、直轄市(shi)）黨委、人大、政府以及中央和國家機關(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)部門污染(ran)防治(zhi)攻堅(jian)戰成(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)考(kao)核(he)辦法，對生態(tai)環境保護立法執法情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、年度(du)工(gong)作(zuo)目標任(ren)務完成(cheng)(cheng)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、生態(tai)環境質量狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、資金投入使用情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、公眾滿(man)意程度(du)等相關(guan)(guan)(guan)方面開(kai)展考(kao)核(he)。各地參照制定考(kao)核(he)實施細(xi)則。開(kai)展領導(dao)干部自(zi)然資源資產離任(ren)審計。考(kao)核(he)結果(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)領導(dao)班子(zi)和領導(dao)干部綜合考(kao)核(he)評價、獎懲任(ren)免的重要(yao)依據。

嚴格(ge)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)追究(jiu)。對(dui)(dui)省(sheng)（自治區、直轄市）黨(dang)委和(he)政(zheng)府(fu)以(yi)及負(fu)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)中央(yang)和(he)國家機關有(you)關部(bu)(bu)門貫徹落實黨(dang)中央(yang)、國務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)決策部(bu)(bu)署不(bu)堅決不(bu)徹底、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建設(she)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護責(ze)(ze)任(ren)制執(zhi)行不(bu)到位、污(wu)染防治攻堅任(ren)務(wu)(wu)完成嚴重滯(zhi)后、區域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)問題突出(chu)的(de)，約談主(zhu)要(yao)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人，同時責(ze)(ze)成其(qi)向(xiang)黨(dang)中央(yang)、國務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)作(zuo)出(chu)深(shen)刻檢查。對(dui)(dui)年度目(mu)標(biao)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)未完成、考(kao)核不(bu)合格(ge)的(de)市、縣，黨(dang)政(zheng)主(zhu)要(yao)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人和(he)相關領導班子成員不(bu)得(de)評優評先(xian)。對(dui)(dui)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)方(fang)面(mian)造成嚴重破(po)壞(huai)負(fu)有(you)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)干部(bu)(bu)，不(bu)得(de)提拔使(shi)用或者轉任(ren)重要(yao)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)。對(dui)(dui)不(bu)顧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)盲目(mu)決策、違法違規審批(pi)開(kai)發利用規劃(hua)和(he)建設(she)項目(mu)的(de)，對(dui)(dui)造成生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量(liang)惡化、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)嚴重破(po)壞(huai)的(de)，對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件多(duo)發高(gao)發、應對(dui)(dui)不(bu)力、群(qun)眾反映強烈的(de)，對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護責(ze)(ze)任(ren)沒有(you)落實、推諉扯皮、沒有(you)完成工(gong)作(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)，依(yi)紀依(yi)法嚴格(ge)問責(ze)(ze)、終身追責(ze)(ze)。

四、總體目標和基本原則

（一）總體目(mu)標(biao)。到2020年(nian)，生態環(huan)境質(zhi)量總體改善，主要污染物排放總量大幅減少，環(huan)境風險得到有效管控，生態環(huan)境保(bao)護水平同全面建成小康社會目(mu)標(biao)相適應。

具(ju)體(ti)指(zhi)標：全國(guo)細(xi)顆粒物（PM2.5）未達(da)標地級及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城市(shi)濃度比(bi)2015年下降18%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，地級及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城市(shi)空氣質量(liang)優良(liang)天(tian)數(shu)比(bi)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)80%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)；全國(guo)地表水Ⅰ－Ⅲ類水體(ti)比(bi)例(li)達(da)到(dao)(dao)70%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，劣(lie)Ⅴ類水體(ti)比(bi)例(li)控制在(zai)5%以(yi)內；近(jin)岸海域水質優良(liang)（一、二類）比(bi)例(li)達(da)到(dao)(dao)70%左右；二氧化(hua)硫、氮氧化(hua)物排放量(liang)比(bi)2015年減(jian)少15%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，化(hua)學(xue)需(xu)氧量(liang)、氨(an)氮排放量(liang)減(jian)少10%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)；受污染耕地安全利用率達(da)到(dao)(dao)90%左右，污染地塊安全利用率達(da)到(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)；生(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線面積占(zhan)比(bi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)25%左右；森林覆蓋率達(da)到(dao)(dao)23.04%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。

通過加(jia)快構建生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)體系，確保到(dao)2035年(nian)節約資源(yuan)和保護生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)的空(kong)間格局(ju)、產業(ye)結構、生產方式、生活方式總體形成，生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)質量實現根本(ben)好轉，美麗中(zhong)(zhong)國目標基本(ben)實現。到(dao)本(ben)世紀中(zhong)(zhong)葉(xie)，生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)全(quan)面(mian)提升，實現生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)領域國家治理(li)體系和治理(li)能力(li)現代化。

（二）基本原則

——堅(jian)持保護優先。落實(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)保護紅(hong)線、環境質量(liang)底線、資(zi)源利用上線硬約束，深化供給側結構性改革，推動形成綠色發展方式(shi)和生(sheng)活方式(shi)，堅(jian)定不移(yi)走生(sheng)產發展、生(sheng)活富裕、生(sheng)態(tai)良好的文明發展道路。

——強化問題導向(xiang)。以改善生態環境質量(liang)為核心，針(zhen)對(dui)流域(yu)、區域(yu)、行業特點，聚焦問題、分(fen)類施策(ce)、精(jing)準發力，不斷取(qu)得新成效，讓人民群眾有(you)更(geng)多獲得感(gan)。

——突出改革(ge)創新。深化生(sheng)態環境保護體制機制改革(ge)，統籌兼顧、系(xi)統謀劃，強(qiang)化協(xie)調(diao)、整合(he)力量，區(qu)域協(xie)作、條塊結合(he)，嚴格環境標準(zhun)，完善經濟政策，增強(qiang)科技支撐和能力保障，提升(sheng)生(sheng)態環境治理的系(xi)統性(xing)、整體性(xing)、協(xie)同性(xing)。

——注重依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監管。完善生態(tai)環境保護法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規體(ti)系，健全(quan)生態(tai)環境保護行(xing)政執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)刑(xing)事司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)銜接機制，依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)嚴(yan)懲重罰(fa)生態(tai)環境違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪行(xing)為(wei)。

——推進全民共(gong)治(zhi)。政府、企(qi)業(ye)、公(gong)眾各盡(jin)其責(ze)、共(gong)同發力，政府積(ji)極發揮主(zhu)導作用，企(qi)業(ye)主(zhu)動承擔環境治(zhi)理主(zhu)體責(ze)任，公(gong)眾自(zi)覺踐行綠(lv)色(se)生活。

五、推動形成綠色發展方式和生活方式

堅持(chi)節約優先，加強源(yuan)(yuan)頭管控，轉變發(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)，培(pei)育壯大新(xin)興產業，推動傳統產業智(zhi)能化(hua)、清(qing)潔(jie)化(hua)改造(zao)，加快發(fa)展(zhan)節能環保(bao)產業，全面節約能源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)，協同推動經濟高質量發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)生態環境高水(shui)平(ping)保(bao)護(hu)。

（一）促進(jin)(jin)(jin)經濟綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)循環(huan)(huan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。對重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)域、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布局(ju)開展(zhan)(zhan)規劃環(huan)(huan)評，調整優(you)化不(bu)符合生態環(huan)(huan)境功能(neng)(neng)定位的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布局(ju)、規模和(he)結構。嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)域、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域環(huan)(huan)境風險項目。對國家級新(xin)(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)、高(gao)新(xin)(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)等進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)集中整治(zhi)，限(xian)期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)達標改(gai)造(zao)(zao)。加(jia)快城(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)域的(de)重(zhong)污(wu)染企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)危(wei)險化學(xue)品(pin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)搬(ban)遷改(gai)造(zao)(zao)，2018年(nian)年(nian)底前(qian)，相關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)市政府就(jiu)此制(zhi)(zhi)定專(zhuan)項計(ji)劃并向(xiang)社會公開。促進(jin)(jin)(jin)傳統產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)優(you)化升級，構建(jian)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈體系。繼(ji)續(xu)化解過剩產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)，嚴(yan)禁鋼鐵、水泥、電解鋁、平(ping)板玻璃(li)等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)增產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)，對確有(you)必(bi)要新(xin)(xin)建(jian)的(de)必(bi)須實施等量或減量置換。加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)危(wei)險化學(xue)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)搬(ban)遷改(gai)造(zao)(zao)工程。提高(gao)污(wu)染排(pai)放標準，加(jia)大(da)鋼鐵等重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)落后(hou)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)淘(tao)汰(tai)力(li)度，鼓勵各地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)定范(fan)圍更廣、標準更嚴(yan)的(de)落后(hou)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)淘(tao)汰(tai)政策。構建(jian)市場導向(xiang)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)(xin)體系，強(qiang)化產(chan)(chan)品(pin)全生命周(zhou)期綠(lv)(lv)色(se)管(guan)理。大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)生產(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，加(jia)強(qiang)科技(ji)創新(xin)(xin)引領(ling)，著力(li)引導綠(lv)(lv)色(se)消費(fei)，大(da)力(li)提高(gao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)、資源(yuan)循環(huan)(huan)利用等綠(lv)(lv)色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)裝備水平(ping)，培(pei)育發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)一批骨干企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)和(he)環(huan)(huan)境服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，推(tui)行(xing)(xing)合同(tong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)管(guan)理、合同(tong)節(jie)(jie)水管(guan)理，積極探(tan)索區(qu)(qu)(qu)域環(huan)(huan)境托(tuo)管(guan)服務等新(xin)(xin)模式(shi)。鼓勵新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)模式(shi)創新(xin)(xin)。在能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、冶金(jin)、建(jian)材、有(you)色(se)、化工、電鍍、造(zao)(zao)紙、印(yin)染、農副(fu)食(shi)品(pin)加(jia)工等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，全面推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)生產(chan)(chan)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)或清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)化改(gai)造(zao)(zao)。

（二）推(tui)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)全面節(jie)(jie)約(yue)。強化(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消耗、建(jian)設用地(di)等總量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)強度雙(shuang)控(kong)行(xing)動，實(shi)行(xing)最嚴格的耕(geng)地(di)保護、節(jie)(jie)約(yue)用地(di)和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理制(zhi)度。實(shi)施國家節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)動，完善水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)價形成(cheng)機制(zhi)，推(tui)進(jin)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)型社(she)會和(he)(he)(he)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)型城(cheng)市建(jian)設，到(dao)2020年，全國用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)在6700億立方(fang)米以內。健(jian)全節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、節(jie)(jie)地(di)、節(jie)(jie)材、節(jie)(jie)礦標準(zhun)體系(xi)，大(da)幅降低重點(dian)(dian)行(xing)業和(he)(he)(he)企業能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗、物耗，推(tui)行(xing)生產者責(ze)任延伸(shen)制(zhi)度，實(shi)現(xian)生產系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)生活系(xi)統(tong)(tong)循環鏈接。鼓勵新建(jian)建(jian)筑(zhu)采用綠(lv)色建(jian)材，大(da)力發(fa)展裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)，提高(gao)新建(jian)綠(lv)色建(jian)筑(zhu)比例。以北方(fang)采暖地(di)區為重點(dian)(dian)，推(tui)進(jin)既有居住建(jian)筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)改造。積極應(ying)對氣候變化(hua)，采取有力措(cuo)施確保完成(cheng)2020年控(kong)制(zhi)溫室氣體排放行(xing)動目標。扎實(shi)推(tui)進(jin)全國碳排放權交易市場(chang)建(jian)設，統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)深化(hua)低碳試點(dian)(dian)。

（三(san)）引導(dao)公(gong)眾(zhong)綠(lv)色(se)(se)生(sheng)活(huo)。加強(qiang)生(sheng)態(tai)文明宣傳教育，倡(chang)導(dao)簡(jian)約適度、綠(lv)色(se)(se)低碳的生(sheng)活(huo)方式，反對(dui)奢侈浪費(fei)和不合理消(xiao)費(fei)。開展創建綠(lv)色(se)(se)家庭、綠(lv)色(se)(se)學校(xiao)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)社區、綠(lv)色(se)(se)商場、綠(lv)色(se)(se)餐館等(deng)(deng)(deng)行(xing)動(dong)。推(tui)行(xing)綠(lv)色(se)(se)消(xiao)費(fei)，出(chu)臺(tai)快遞(di)業、共(gong)享(xiang)經濟等(deng)(deng)(deng)新(xin)業態(tai)的規(gui)范(fan)標(biao)準，推(tui)廣環境標(biao)志產(chan)品、有(you)機產(chan)品等(deng)(deng)(deng)綠(lv)色(se)(se)產(chan)品。提倡(chang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)居住，節約用(yong)水用(yong)電(dian)，合理控制夏(xia)季空調(diao)和冬季取暖室內溫度。大(da)力(li)發(fa)展公(gong)共(gong)交(jiao)通，鼓勵自行(xing)車、步(bu)行(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)綠(lv)色(se)(se)出(chu)行(xing)。

六、堅決打贏藍天保衛戰

編(bian)制實施(shi)打贏藍(lan)天(tian)保衛戰三(san)年作戰計劃，以京津冀及周邊、長三(san)角、汾渭平原等重點區(qu)域(yu)為主戰場，調整優(you)化產業結構、能源(yuan)結構、運(yun)輸(shu)結構、用地結構，強(qiang)化區(qu)域(yu)聯(lian)防聯(lian)控和(he)重污染天(tian)氣應對，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)降低PM2.5濃(nong)度，明(ming)顯(xian)減(jian)少重污染天(tian)數，明(ming)顯(xian)改善大氣環(huan)境質量，明(ming)顯(xian)增強(qiang)人民(min)的藍(lan)天(tian)幸福感(gan)。

（一）加強工(gong)業企(qi)(qi)業大(da)(da)氣污(wu)染綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。全(quan)(quan)面整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)“散亂污(wu)”企(qi)(qi)業及集群，實(shi)行(xing)拉網(wang)式(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)查和(he)清單式(shi)(shi)、臺賬式(shi)(shi)、網(wang)格化管(guan)理(li)，分類(lei)實(shi)施關停(ting)取締、整(zheng)(zheng)合搬(ban)遷、整(zheng)(zheng)改提升(sheng)等(deng)措施，京津冀及周邊(bian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)2018年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底前(qian)完成，其(qi)他重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)2019年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底前(qian)完成。堅(jian)決關停(ting)用地、工(gong)商手續不(bu)全(quan)(quan)并(bing)難以(yi)通(tong)過改造(zao)(zao)達標的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業，限期(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)可(ke)以(yi)達標改造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業，逾期(qi)依(yi)法一律關停(ting)。強化工(gong)業企(qi)(qi)業無組織排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管(guan)理(li)，推(tui)進揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)綜合整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)，開展大(da)(da)氣氨排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控制試點(dian)(dian)(dian)。到2020年(nian)(nian)，揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)總(zong)量(liang)比2015年(nian)(nian)下降10%以(yi)上。重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)和(he)大(da)(da)氣污(wu)染嚴重(zhong)城(cheng)市加大(da)(da)鋼鐵、鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)、煉焦、建材、電解(jie)鋁(lv)等(deng)產能壓減力度(du)，實(shi)施大(da)(da)氣污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)特別排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)限值。加大(da)(da)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)高、污(wu)染重(zhong)的(de)(de)煤電機(ji)組淘汰力度(du)，在重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)加快推(tui)進。到2020年(nian)(nian)，具(ju)備(bei)改造(zao)(zao)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)燃煤電廠全(quan)(quan)部完成超低(di)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)改造(zao)(zao)，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)改造(zao)(zao)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)高污(wu)染燃煤電廠逐步關停(ting)。推(tui)動鋼鐵等(deng)行(xing)業超低(di)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)改造(zao)(zao)。

（二）大(da)力(li)推(tui)進散煤(mei)(mei)(mei)治理和(he)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)減量替代。增加(jia)清潔(jie)能源(yuan)使(shi)用(yong)，拓(tuo)寬清潔(jie)能源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納渠道(dao)(dao)，落實(shi)可(ke)再生能源(yuan)發電(dian)全(quan)額保障(zhang)性收購政策。安全(quan)高效發展核電(dian)。推(tui)動清潔(jie)低碳能源(yuan)優先(xian)上(shang)網。加(jia)快(kuai)重(zhong)(zhong)點輸電(dian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)建設，提高重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)(qu)域接受外輸電(dian)比例。因地(di)制宜、加(jia)快(kuai)實(shi)施北方地(di)區(qu)(qu)冬季(ji)清潔(jie)取暖(nuan)(nuan)五年規劃。鼓勵余熱(re)、淺層(ceng)地(di)熱(re)能等清潔(jie)能源(yuan)取暖(nuan)(nuan)。加(jia)強煤(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)氣(qi)（煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦瓦斯）綜(zong)合利用(yong)，實(shi)施生物天然氣(qi)工程。到2020年，京津冀及周邊、汾渭平原的平原地(di)區(qu)(qu)基(ji)本完成生活和(he)冬季(ji)取暖(nuan)(nuan)散煤(mei)(mei)(mei)替代；北京、天津、河北、山東、河南及珠三角區(qu)(qu)域煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總量比2015年均下(xia)降(jiang)10%左(zuo)右，上(shang)海、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、安徽及汾渭平原煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總量均下(xia)降(jiang)5%左(zuo)右；重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)(qu)域基(ji)本淘汰每小時35蒸噸以下(xia)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)鍋(guo)爐。推(tui)廣清潔(jie)高效燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)鍋(guo)爐。

（三(san)(san)）打(da)(da)好柴(chai)油(you)(you)貨(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)污染治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)攻堅戰。以開展柴(chai)油(you)(you)貨(huo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)超標(biao)(biao)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)專項整治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)抓(zhua)手，統籌開展油(you)(you)、路、車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)船(chuan)(chuan)污染防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。嚴(yan)厲(li)打(da)(da)擊(ji)生(sheng)產銷(xiao)售(shou)不達(da)標(biao)(biao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛、排(pai)放(fang)(fang)檢(jian)驗機(ji)(ji)(ji)構檢(jian)測弄(nong)虛作(zuo)假等違法行(xing)為(wei)。加(jia)快淘汰老舊(jiu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，鼓(gu)勵清潔(jie)能(neng)源車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛、船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的推(tui)廣(guang)使用。建設(she)“天地車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)人”一體化的機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)監控系統，完(wan)善機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)遙感監測網絡。推(tui)進(jin)鋼鐵、電(dian)力、電(dian)解鋁(lv)、焦化等重點(dian)(dian)工業企業和(he)工業園區(qu)(qu)(qu)貨(huo)物(wu)由公路運(yun)輸轉(zhuan)向鐵路運(yun)輸。顯著提(ti)高(gao)重點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域大(da)宗貨(huo)物(wu)鐵路水路貨(huo)運(yun)比(bi)例，提(ti)高(gao)沿(yan)海(hai)港口集裝箱鐵路集疏港比(bi)例。重點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域提(ti)前實(shi)施機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)國(guo)(guo)六排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，嚴(yan)格實(shi)施船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)和(he)非道路移動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)大(da)氣排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。鼓(gu)勵淘汰老舊(jiu)船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)、工程機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)和(he)農業機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)。落實(shi)珠(zhu)三(san)(san)角(jiao)、長三(san)(san)角(jiao)、環渤(bo)海(hai)京津冀水域船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)控制區(qu)(qu)(qu)管理(li)(li)政(zheng)策，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)主要港口和(he)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)控制區(qu)(qu)(qu)內港口靠(kao)港船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)率先使用岸電(dian)。到2020年，長江干(gan)(gan)線、西江航運(yun)干(gan)(gan)線、京杭運(yun)河(he)水上服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)待閘錨地基(ji)本具備船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)岸電(dian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)能(neng)力。2019年1月1日起，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)符合國(guo)(guo)六標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)用汽油(you)(you)和(he)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)用柴(chai)油(you)(you)，力爭重點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域提(ti)前供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)。盡快實(shi)現(xian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)用柴(chai)油(you)(you)、普(pu)通(tong)柴(chai)油(you)(you)和(he)部分(fen)船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)用油(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)并軌。內河(he)和(he)江海(hai)直(zhi)達(da)船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)必須使用硫含量不大(da)于10毫克/千克的柴(chai)油(you)(you)。嚴(yan)厲(li)打(da)(da)擊(ji)生(sheng)產、銷(xiao)售(shou)和(he)使用非標(biao)(biao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)（船(chuan)(chuan)）用燃料行(xing)為(wei)，徹底清除黑加(jia)油(you)(you)站點(dian)(dian)。

（四）強(qiang)化國土綠(lv)化和(he)(he)揚(yang)(yang)塵(chen)管控(kong)。積極推進露天礦山(shan)綜合整治，加快環(huan)境修復和(he)(he)綠(lv)化。開(kai)展(zhan)大規(gui)模(mo)國土綠(lv)化行動，加強(qiang)北(bei)方防沙帶建(jian)設，實(shi)施京津風沙源治理工程、重(zhong)點防護林(lin)工程，增加林(lin)草(cao)覆蓋率。在城市(shi)功(gong)能疏解、更新和(he)(he)調整中(zhong)，將騰退空間優先(xian)用于(yu)留(liu)白增綠(lv)。落實(shi)城市(shi)道(dao)路和(he)(he)城市(shi)范(fan)圍內施工工地(di)等(deng)揚(yang)(yang)塵(chen)管控(kong)。

（五(wu)）有效應(ying)對重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)。強化(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)聯(lian)(lian)防聯(lian)(lian)控(kong)(kong)聯(lian)(lian)治，統一預(yu)警(jing)分級(ji)(ji)(ji)標準、信(xin)息發(fa)布、應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)響應(ying)，提前采取(qu)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)減排(pai)措施(shi)，實施(shi)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)聯(lian)(lian)動，有效降(jiang)低污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)程(cheng)度。完善應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)案，明確(que)政府(fu)、部門及(ji)企業(ye)的應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)責任，科學(xue)確(que)定重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)期間管控(kong)(kong)措施(shi)和污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源減排(pai)清單。指導公眾做好(hao)重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)健康防護。推進(jin)(jin)預(yu)測預(yu)報預(yu)警(jing)體系建設，2018年(nian)年(nian)底(di)前，進(jin)(jin)一步提升國家級(ji)(ji)(ji)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)報能(neng)(neng)力(li)，區(qu)域(yu)(yu)預(yu)報中(zhong)心具(ju)備7至10天(tian)(tian)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)報能(neng)(neng)力(li)，省級(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)報中(zhong)心具(ju)備7天(tian)(tian)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)報能(neng)(neng)力(li)并(bing)精確(que)到所(suo)轄各城市(shi)(shi)。重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)采暖季節，對鋼(gang)(gang)鐵、焦化(hua)、建材(cai)、鑄造、電(dian)解鋁(lv)、化(hua)工(gong)等重(zhong)(zhong)點行(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)實施(shi)錯峰生(sheng)產。重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)期間，對鋼(gang)(gang)鐵、焦化(hua)、有色、電(dian)力(li)、化(hua)工(gong)等涉及(ji)大宗原(yuan)材(cai)料及(ji)產品運(yun)輸的重(zhong)(zhong)點企業(ye)實施(shi)錯峰運(yun)輸；強化(hua)城市(shi)(shi)建設施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地揚塵管控(kong)(kong)措施(shi)，加(jia)強道路機掃。依法嚴禁秸稈(gan)露天(tian)(tian)焚燒(shao)，全面推進(jin)(jin)綜合利(li)用。到2020年(nian)，地級(ji)(ji)(ji)及(ji)以上城市(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)數比2015年(nian)減少25%。

七、著力打好碧水保衛戰

深入實施水(shui)(shui)污染防(fang)治(zhi)行動計劃，扎實推進河長(chang)制(zhi)湖長(chang)制(zhi)，堅(jian)持污染減(jian)排和生態擴容兩手發力(li)，加快工(gong)業、農(nong)業、生活污染源和水(shui)(shui)生態系統整治(zhi)，保(bao)障飲用水(shui)(shui)安全，消(xiao)除城市黑臭水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，減(jian)少污染嚴重水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和不達標水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。　　

（一(yi)(yi)）打好(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)保(bao)護攻(gong)堅戰。加強(qiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、出廠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、管(guan)網水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、末梢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的全過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)。劃定(ding)集(ji)中(zhong)式飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護區，推進規(gui)范(fan)化建設。強(qiang)化南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)及沿線生態環境保(bao)護。深化地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)防治(zhi)。全面排查和整治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護區內的違法違規(gui)問(wen)題，長(chang)江經濟帶(dai)于2018年(nian)年(nian)底(di)前、其他地(di)(di)區于2019年(nian)年(nian)底(di)前完成。單一(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的地(di)(di)級(ji)(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)應當建設應急水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或備用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。定(ding)期監(jian)（檢(jian)）測、評估集(ji)中(zhong)式飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單位供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和用戶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)龍頭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質狀況，縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)至少(shao)每季度(du)向(xiang)社會公開一(yi)(yi)次。

（二）打(da)好(hao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)黑臭(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)治理攻堅(jian)戰。實施(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮污(wu)(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理“提質增效”三年(nian)行動，加快(kuai)補齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮污(wu)(wu)(wu)水收(shou)(shou)集和處(chu)理設(she)(she)施(shi)短板，盡(jin)快(kuai)實現污(wu)(wu)(wu)水管(guan)網全(quan)(quan)覆蓋、全(quan)(quan)收(shou)(shou)集、全(quan)(quan)處(chu)理。完善污(wu)(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理收(shou)(shou)費政策，各地(di)要按(an)規定將(jiang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理收(shou)(shou)費標(biao)準盡(jin)快(kuai)調(diao)整(zheng)到位(wei)，原則(ze)上(shang)應補償到污(wu)(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理和污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥處(chu)置設(she)(she)施(shi)正常運營并合理盈利。對中西部地(di)區，中央財政給予適當支持。加強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)初期雨(yu)水收(shou)(shou)集處(chu)理設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)，有效減少城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)面(mian)源污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)。到2020年(nian)，地(di)級及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)成區黑臭(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)消除(chu)比例(li)達90%以(yi)上(shang)。鼓勵(li)京(jing)津冀、長三角、珠三角區域城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)成區盡(jin)早全(quan)(quan)面(mian)消除(chu)黑臭(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)。

（三）打好長(chang)江保護修(xiu)復攻堅戰。開展長(chang)江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)隱患(huan)和(he)環(huan)(huan)境風(feng)險調查評(ping)估，劃定高風(feng)險區域(yu)(yu)，從(cong)嚴實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境風(feng)險防(fang)控措(cuo)施。優(you)化(hua)(hua)長(chang)江經(jing)濟帶(dai)產業(ye)布局和(he)規模，嚴禁(jin)污(wu)染型產業(ye)、企業(ye)向(xiang)上(shang)中游(you)地區轉移。排查整治(zhi)入(ru)河入(ru)湖排污(wu)口(kou)及不達標水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)，市(shi)、縣級政府制(zhi)定實(shi)施不達標水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)限期達標規劃。到2020年，長(chang)江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)基本消除劣Ⅴ類(lei)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)。強化(hua)(hua)船(chuan)舶和(he)港口(kou)污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)，現有船(chuan)舶到2020年全部完成(cheng)達標改造，港口(kou)、船(chuan)舶修(xiu)造廠環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)設(she)施、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理設(she)施納入(ru)城市(shi)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)規劃。加強沿河環(huan)(huan)湖生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護，修(xiu)復濕地等水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統，因地制(zhi)宜建(jian)(jian)設(she)人工濕地水(shui)(shui)質凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)工程。實(shi)施長(chang)江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)上(shang)中游(you)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)群聯合調度，保障干(gan)流(liu)(liu)、主要支流(liu)(liu)和(he)湖泊基本生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)用水(shui)(shui)。

（四）打好渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理攻堅戰(zhan)。以渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區的(de)(de)(de)渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灣(wan)、遼東灣(wan)、萊州灣(wan)、遼河(he)口(kou)(kou)、黃河(he)口(kou)(kou)等為重(zhong)點，推動河(he)口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灣(wan)綜(zong)合(he)整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)。全(quan)(quan)面整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)污(wu)染(ran)源，規(gui)范入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)排(pai)污(wu)口(kou)(kou)設置(zhi)，全(quan)(quan)部清理非法(fa)排(pai)污(wu)口(kou)(kou)。嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水養殖等造成的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上污(wu)染(ran)，推進(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)垃(la)圾防治(zhi)(zhi)和清理。率先在渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)實施(shi)主要(yao)(yao)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)排(pai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)總量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)制(zhi)度，強(qiang)化陸海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)污(wu)染(ran)聯(lian)防聯(lian)控(kong)，加強(qiang)入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)河(he)流治(zhi)(zhi)理與監管。實施(shi)最嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)圍(wei)(wei)填海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和岸線開(kai)發管控(kong)，統籌安排(pai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)空間利用活動。渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)禁止審(shen)批新增圍(wei)(wei)填海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)項目，引導符合(he)國(guo)家產業政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)項目消(xiao)化存(cun)量(liang)圍(wei)(wei)填海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)資(zi)源，已(yi)審(shen)批但未開(kai)工的(de)(de)(de)項目要(yao)(yao)依(yi)法(fa)重(zhong)新進(jin)(jin)行評(ping)估和清理。

（五）打好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村污染治(zhi)理(li)攻堅戰。以建設(she)美麗(li)宜居村莊(zhuang)為導向，持續開(kai)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)村人(ren)居環(huan)境(jing)(jing)整(zheng)治(zhi)行動(dong)，實現全(quan)(quan)(quan)國行政村環(huan)境(jing)(jing)整(zheng)治(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆蓋。到2020年，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村人(ren)居環(huan)境(jing)(jing)明顯改善(shan)，村莊(zhuang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)基(ji)(ji)本干凈整(zheng)潔有序，東部地(di)區、中西(xi)部城市(shi)近(jin)郊區等(deng)有基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)、有條(tiao)件(jian)的地(di)區人(ren)居環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提升，管護長效(xiao)機制初步建立(li)；中西(xi)部有較好(hao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)、基(ji)(ji)本具備(bei)(bei)條(tiao)件(jian)的地(di)區力爭實現90%左右的村莊(zhuang)生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)得到治(zhi)理(li)，衛生(sheng)廁所普及率達(da)到85%左右，生(sheng)活污水亂(luan)排亂(luan)放得到管控(kong)。減少(shao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用量(liang)，制修訂并嚴格執行化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)等(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品質量(liang)標準，嚴格控(kong)制高毒(du)高風險(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用，推進有機肥(fei)替代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)、病蟲(chong)害綠色防(fang)控(kong)替代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)和(he)廢(fei)棄(qi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)回收(shou)(shou)，完善(shan)廢(fei)舊地(di)膜(mo)和(he)包裝廢(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)等(deng)回收(shou)(shou)處(chu)理(li)制度。到2020年，化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用量(liang)實現零增長。堅持種(zhong)植和(he)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)相結合(he)，就地(di)就近(jin)消納(na)利用畜(chu)禽養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)廢(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)。合(he)理(li)布局水產養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)空間(jian)，深入推進水產健康養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)，開(kai)展重(zhong)點(dian)江河湖庫及重(zhong)點(dian)近(jin)岸海域破(po)壞生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)方式綜(zong)合(he)整(zheng)治(zhi)。到2020年，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國畜(chu)禽糞污綜(zong)合(he)利用率達(da)到75%以上(shang)，規模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場糞污處(chu)理(li)設(she)施裝備(bei)(bei)配套率達(da)到95%以上(shang)。

八、扎實推進凈土保衛戰

全面(mian)實(shi)施(shi)土壤污(wu)染防治行(xing)動(dong)計劃，突出重點區域、行(xing)業和污(wu)染物，有效(xiao)管控農用地和城市建(jian)設用地土壤環境風險。

（一(yi)）強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)土壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)和(he)修(xiu)復(fu)。加強(qiang)(qiang)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)環境分(fen)類(lei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理。嚴格(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)污染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)，嚴禁在重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)污染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)種植食用(yong)農產品。實施耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)環境治(zhi)理保護重(zhong)(zhong)大工(gong)程，開展重(zhong)(zhong)點地(di)(di)(di)區涉重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)排(pai)查和(he)整治(zhi)。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底前(qian)，完(wan)成(cheng)農用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)狀(zhuang)況詳查。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底前(qian)，編制完(wan)成(cheng)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)環境質量分(fen)類(lei)清單。建(jian)立建(jian)設用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)和(he)修(xiu)復(fu)名(ming)錄(lu)，列入(ru)(ru)名(ming)錄(lu)且未完(wan)成(cheng)治(zhi)理修(xiu)復(fu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)塊不(bu)得作為住宅、公共管(guan)(guan)(guan)理與公共服務用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)。建(jian)立污染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊聯動監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)制，將建(jian)設用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)環境管(guan)(guan)(guan)理要求納入(ru)(ru)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)規劃和(he)供地(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)準入(ru)(ru)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)暫(zan)不(bu)開發污染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊的(de)風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底前(qian)，完(wan)成(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)狀(zhuang)況調查。嚴格(ge)土壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)重(zhong)(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)搬遷改造(zao)過(guo)程中拆(chai)除(chu)活動的(de)環境監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。

（二）加快推進(jin)(jin)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)分類(lei)處(chu)理(li)(li)。到2020年，實現所有(you)城(cheng)市和縣城(cheng)生(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)能(neng)力全(quan)覆蓋，基(ji)本完成(cheng)非正規垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)堆(dui)放(fang)點整治；直轄市、計劃單列市、省會(hui)城(cheng)市和第一(yi)批分類(lei)示范城(cheng)市基(ji)本建成(cheng)生(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)分類(lei)處(chu)理(li)(li)系統。推進(jin)(jin)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)資源(yuan)化利用(yong)，大力發展(zhan)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)焚燒發電。推進(jin)(jin)農村垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)就地分類(lei)、資源(yuan)化利用(yong)和處(chu)理(li)(li)，建立農村有(you)機廢(fei)棄物收(shou)集、轉(zhuan)化、利用(yong)網絡體(ti)系。

（三）強化固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)污染防治。全(quan)面(mian)禁止洋垃圾入(ru)(ru)境，嚴(yan)厲打擊(ji)(ji)走私(si)，大幅減少固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)種類和數量(liang)，力爭2020年年底前基本實(shi)現固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)零進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)。開展“無廢(fei)(fei)城市”試(shi)點，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源化利用(yong)。調查、評估重(zhong)點工業行業危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)、貯(zhu)存、利用(yong)、處置情況。完善危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)經(jing)(jing)營許可(ke)、轉移等管(guan)理制度，建(jian)立(li)信息化監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)系，提(ti)升危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處理處置能力，實(shi)施全(quan)過程(cheng)監(jian)管(guan)。嚴(yan)厲打擊(ji)(ji)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)非法跨界轉移、傾倒等違法犯罪活動(dong)(dong)。深入(ru)(ru)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)長江(jiang)經(jing)(jing)濟帶固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大排查活動(dong)(dong)。評估有毒有害化學品在生(sheng)(sheng)態環境中(zhong)的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)狀況，嚴(yan)格限(xian)制高風(feng)險(xian)(xian)化學品生(sheng)(sheng)產、使(shi)用(yong)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)出口(kou)(kou)，并逐步淘汰、替(ti)代。

九、加快生態保護與修復

堅持自然(ran)恢復為主，統籌開(kai)展(zhan)全國生態(tai)(tai)保護與修復，全面劃定并嚴(yan)守生態(tai)(tai)保護紅線，提升生態(tai)(tai)系統質量和穩定性。

（一）劃(hua)定并嚴(yan)守(shou)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線。按(an)照應(ying)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)盡保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、應(ying)劃(hua)盡劃(hua)的(de)原(yuan)則，將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能重要區(qu)域、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)敏(min)感脆弱(ruo)區(qu)域納入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線。到2020年，全面完成全國生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線劃(hua)定、勘界(jie)定標，形成生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線全國“一張圖(tu)”，實現一條紅(hong)(hong)線管控重要生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)空(kong)間。制定實施生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線管理辦法、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)修復(fu)方案(an)，建設國家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線監(jian)管平臺，開展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線監(jian)測預警與評(ping)估考核。

（二）堅決查(cha)處(chu)生(sheng)態(tai)破壞行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。2018年年底前(qian)，縣(xian)級及(ji)以上地方政府(fu)全面排(pai)查(cha)違法違規(gui)擠占生(sheng)態(tai)空間、破壞自(zi)(zi)然遺跡(ji)等行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，制定治理和修復計劃并(bing)向社(she)會公開(kai)。開(kai)展(zhan)病(bing)危險(xian)尾礦(kuang)庫和“頭頂庫”專(zhuan)項整治。持(chi)續(xu)開(kai)展(zhan)“綠(lv)盾”自(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)監督檢查(cha)專(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)動，嚴肅(su)查(cha)處(chu)各(ge)類違法違規(gui)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，限期進行(xing)(xing)整治修復。

（三(san)）建(jian)立以國家(jia)公園(yuan)為主體的(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)地(di)體系。到2020年，完成全國自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)范圍界限(xian)核準(zhun)和(he)勘界立標，整(zheng)合設立一批(pi)國家(jia)公園(yuan)，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)地(di)相(xiang)關法規(gui)和(he)管理(li)(li)制度(du)基本建(jian)立。對生態嚴重退(tui)化(hua)(hua)地(di)區(qu)實行封禁管理(li)(li)，穩步實施退(tui)耕(geng)還(huan)林還(huan)草(cao)(cao)和(he)退(tui)牧(mu)還(huan)草(cao)(cao)，擴大(da)輪作(zuo)休耕(geng)試點，全面推(tui)行草(cao)(cao)原禁牧(mu)休牧(mu)和(he)草(cao)(cao)畜平衡制度(du)。依法依規(gui)解決自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)地(di)內的(de)礦業權合理(li)(li)退(tui)出問題。全面保(bao)(bao)護(hu)天然(ran)林，推(tui)進(jin)荒漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)、石漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)、水土流失綜合治理(li)(li)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)濕地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)恢(hui)復。加(jia)強(qiang)休漁(yu)(yu)禁漁(yu)(yu)管理(li)(li)，推(tui)進(jin)長江、渤海等重點水域禁捕限(xian)捕，加(jia)強(qiang)海洋牧(mu)場建(jian)設，加(jia)大(da)漁(yu)(yu)業資源增殖放流。推(tui)動耕(geng)地(di)草(cao)(cao)原森(sen)林河(he)流湖(hu)泊海洋休養生息。

 十、改革完善生態環境治理體系

深化生態環境保護管(guan)理(li)體制改革，完善(shan)生態環境管(guan)理(li)制度(du)，加快構建生態環境治理(li)體系(xi)，健全保障舉措，增強系(xi)統性和(he)完整性，大幅提升治理(li)能(neng)力。

（一(yi)）完(wan)善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。整(zheng)(zheng)合分散的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)職責，強化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)修復和(he)(he)污染(ran)防治統一(yi)監(jian)管(guan)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)健全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)領導和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)、激勵約束并舉的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、政(zheng)府企業公眾(zhong)共(gong)治體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。全面(mian)完(wan)成省以(yi)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)機(ji)構監(jian)測(ce)監(jian)察執法(fa)(fa)垂直管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度改革，推(tui)(tui)進綜(zong)合執法(fa)(fa)隊伍(wu)特別是基層隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力建(jian)(jian)設(she)。完(wan)善農村環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)治理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)。健全區(qu)域(yu)(yu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)海域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)，推(tui)(tui)進跨地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)機(ji)構試點，加(jia)快組建(jian)(jian)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)管(guan)執法(fa)(fa)機(ji)構，按海域(yu)(yu)設(she)置監(jian)管(guan)機(ji)構。建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)獨立(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威高效的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)測(ce)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，構建(jian)(jian)天地(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)測(ce)網絡，實現(xian)國(guo)家和(he)(he)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量預(yu)報預(yu)警和(he)(he)質(zhi)控，按照適度上收生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量監(jian)測(ce)事權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)快推(tui)(tui)進有(you)關(guan)工作。省級黨委和(he)(he)政(zheng)府加(jia)快確(que)定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅線(xian)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量底線(xian)、資(zi)源利(li)用上線(xian)，制(zhi)定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)準入(ru)清單，在地(di)(di)(di)(di)方立(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)、政(zheng)策制(zhi)定(ding)、規劃(hua)編制(zhi)、執法(fa)(fa)監(jian)管(guan)中不(bu)得變(bian)通(tong)突破、降低標(biao)準，不(bu)符合不(bu)銜接(jie)不(bu)適應的(de)(de)(de)于2020年(nian)年(nian)底前完(wan)成調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)。實施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)統一(yi)監(jian)管(guan)。推(tui)(tui)行生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害賠(pei)償制(zhi)度。編制(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)，開展全國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)狀況評估，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)綜(zong)合監(jian)控平臺。推(tui)(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)示(shi)范創建(jian)(jian)、綠水青山就是金山銀山實踐創新基地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)活動。

嚴格生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質量只能(neng)(neng)更好、不能(neng)(neng)變壞。生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質量達標地(di)區(qu)要保持(chi)穩定(ding)并(bing)持(chi)續改(gai)善；生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質量不達標地(di)區(qu)的市、縣級政府，要于2018年年底前制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)實(shi)施(shi)限期(qi)達標規劃，向(xiang)上(shang)級政府備案并(bing)向(xiang)社會公(gong)(gong)開。加快推行排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)可制(zhi)(zhi)度，對(dui)固(gu)定(ding)污(wu)(wu)染源實(shi)施(shi)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)多污(wu)(wu)染物協(xie)同(tong)控制(zhi)(zhi)，按行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、地(di)區(qu)、時限核(he)(he)發排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)，全(quan)(quan)面落實(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)治污(wu)(wu)責任，強(qiang)化(hua)證(zheng)(zheng)后監管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)處罰(fa)。在長(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶率先實(shi)施(shi)入河污(wu)(wu)染源排(pai)(pai)放、排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)口排(pai)(pai)放和(he)水(shui)體水(shui)質聯動管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。2020年，將排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度建(jian)設(she)成為固(gu)定(ding)源環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)核(he)(he)心制(zhi)(zhi)度，實(shi)現(xian)“一(yi)證(zheng)(zheng)式”管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)環(huan)(huan)保信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用評價、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性披露、嚴懲重罰(fa)等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)度。將企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息納入全(quan)(quan)國(guo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息共(gong)享平臺和(he)國(guo)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息公(gong)(gong)示(shi)系統(tong)，依(yi)法通過“信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用中(zhong)國(guo)”網(wang)站和(he)國(guo)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息公(gong)(gong)示(shi)系統(tong)向(xiang)社會公(gong)(gong)示(shi)。監督上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)司、發債(zhai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)市場主體全(quan)(quan)面、及(ji)時、準確地(di)披露環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息。建(jian)立跨部門聯合(he)獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。完善國(guo)家(jia)核(he)(he)安全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作協(xie)調機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，強(qiang)化(hua)對(dui)核(he)(he)安全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作的統(tong)籌。

（二）健全生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)經濟(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)體系。資(zi)(zi)金(jin)投入向污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)戰傾斜，堅(jian)持投入同(tong)(tong)攻(gong)堅(jian)任(ren)務(wu)相(xiang)匹(pi)配，加大(da)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)投入力度。逐步建立(li)(li)常態(tai)(tai)(tai)化、穩定(ding)的(de)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)投入機(ji)制(zhi)。擴大(da)中央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)持北方地區清(qing)潔取(qu)暖的(de)試點(dian)城市范(fan)圍(wei)，國(guo)有資(zi)(zi)本要(yao)加大(da)對污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)投入。完善居民取(qu)暖用氣用電定(ding)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)和補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。增加中央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)對國(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能區、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅線(xian)區域等(deng)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能重(zhong)要(yao)地區的(de)轉移支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)，繼續安排中央預算內(nei)投資(zi)(zi)對重(zhong)點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能區給予支(zhi)持。各省（自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區、直(zhi)轄市）合(he)理(li)確定(ding)補(bu)(bu)償標準，并逐步提(ti)高補(bu)(bu)償水平。完善助(zhu)力綠(lv)色(se)產業發展(zhan)的(de)價(jia)格、財(cai)稅、投資(zi)(zi)等(deng)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。大(da)力發展(zhan)綠(lv)色(se)信貸、綠(lv)色(se)債券(quan)等(deng)金(jin)融產品。設(she)立(li)(li)國(guo)家綠(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)基金(jin)。落實(shi)(shi)有利于資(zi)(zi)源節約和生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)價(jia)格政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，落實(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)稅收優惠政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。研究對從(cong)事污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)第三方企業比照高新技術(shu)企業實(shi)(shi)行(xing)所(suo)得(de)稅優惠政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，研究出臺“散亂污(wu)(wu)”企業綜合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)激勵政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。推動(dong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)責任(ren)保(bao)險發展(zhan)，在環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)高風險領域建立(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)強制(zhi)責任(ren)保(bao)險制(zhi)度。推進(jin)社(she)會(hui)化生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)和保(bao)護(hu)。采用直(zhi)接投資(zi)(zi)、投資(zi)(zi)補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)、運(yun)營(ying)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)等(deng)方式，規范(fan)支(zhi)持政(zheng)(zheng)府和社(she)會(hui)資(zi)(zi)本合(he)作項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)；對政(zheng)(zheng)府實(shi)(shi)施的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)績效(xiao)合(he)同(tong)(tong)服(fu)務(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，公(gong)共財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)水平同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)績效(xiao)掛(gua)鉤(gou)。鼓勵通(tong)過政(zheng)(zheng)府購買(mai)服(fu)務(wu)方式實(shi)(shi)施生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)和保(bao)護(hu)。

（三）健全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系。依靠法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)，增(zeng)強(qiang)全社會生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)意識。加(jia)快建(jian)(jian)立(li)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產消費的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)政(zheng)策導向(xiang)。加(jia)快制(zhi)(zhi)定和(he)修(xiu)改土壤污染防治(zhi)(zhi)、固體(ti)廢物污染防治(zhi)(zhi)、長江生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、海洋(yang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、國家(jia)公園(yuan)、濕(shi)地、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監測、排污許可(ke)、資(zi)源綜(zong)合(he)(he)利(li)用、空間規劃、碳(tan)排放權交易管理等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規。鼓(gu)勵(li)地方(fang)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)領域先于國家(jia)進行立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。建(jian)(jian)立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)關(guan)、公安機(ji)關(guan)、檢察(cha)機(ji)關(guan)、審(shen)判(pan)機(ji)關(guan)信息(xi)共享、案情通(tong)報、案件移送(song)制(zhi)(zhi)度，完善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)領域民事、行政(zheng)公益訴訟制(zhi)(zhi)度，加(jia)大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪行為(wei)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)裁和(he)懲處力(li)度。加(jia)強(qiang)涉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力(li)量建(jian)(jian)設。整合(he)(he)組建(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)隊伍，統一實行生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。將生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)構列入政(zheng)府行政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)構序列，推進執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規范化建(jian)(jian)設，統一著裝、統一標(biao)識、統一證件、統一保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)用車和(he)裝備。

（四）強(qiang)化(hua)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)能力保(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)。增強(qiang)科(ke)技支撐，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)大氣污(wu)(wu)染成因與治(zhi)理(li)、水體(ti)污(wu)(wu)染控制與治(zhi)理(li)、土壤污(wu)(wu)染防治(zhi)等重點領域(yu)科(ke)技攻關，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)京(jing)津冀環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合(he)治(zhi)理(li)重大項目，推進(jin)區域(yu)性(xing)、流(liu)域(yu)性(xing)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)問題研(yan)究(jiu)。完成第(di)二次全國(guo)污(wu)(wu)染源普(pu)查。開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)大數據應(ying)(ying)(ying)用和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)承載(zai)力監(jian)測預警。開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)重點區域(yu)、流(liu)域(yu)、行業環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與健康調查，建(jian)(jian)立風(feng)險監(jian)測網絡及風(feng)險評(ping)估體(ti)系(xi)。健全跨部(bu)門、跨區域(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急協(xie)調聯動(dong)機制，建(jian)(jian)立全國(guo)統一(yi)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急預案(an)電子備(bei)案(an)系(xi)統。國(guo)家建(jian)(jian)立環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急物資儲備(bei)信(xin)息庫，省(sheng)、市(shi)級(ji)政府建(jian)(jian)設(she)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急物資儲備(bei)庫，企業環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急裝(zhuang)備(bei)和(he)儲備(bei)物資應(ying)(ying)(ying)納入儲備(bei)體(ti)系(xi)。落實(shi)(shi)全面從嚴治(zhi)黨(dang)要求(qiu)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)規范化(hua)、標準(zhun)化(hua)、專業化(hua)的(de)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)人才隊伍，打造政治(zhi)強(qiang)、本領高(gao)、作(zuo)(zuo)風(feng)硬、敢擔當，特別能吃苦、特別能戰斗、特別能奉獻的(de)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鐵軍。按(an)省(sheng)、市(shi)、縣、鄉不同(tong)層(ceng)級(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)責配(pei)備(bei)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)力量，保(bao)障(zhang)履職(zhi)需要，確保(bao)同(tong)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)任務(wu)相匹配(pei)。加強(qiang)國(guo)際(ji)交流(liu)和(he)履約能力建(jian)(jian)設(she)，推進(jin)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)國(guo)際(ji)技術交流(liu)和(he)務(wu)實(shi)(shi)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，支撐核安全和(he)核電共同(tong)走出去，積極(ji)推動(dong)落實(shi)(shi)2030年可持續發展(zhan)議程和(he)綠色“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”建(jian)(jian)設(she)。

（五）構建生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護社(she)會(hui)(hui)行動(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。把生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護納(na)入(ru)國民教育(yu)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)黨政(zheng)領導干部(bu)培訓(xun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，推(tui)進國家及(ji)(ji)各地生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)教育(yu)設施和(he)場所建設，培育(yu)普及(ji)(ji)生態(tai)文化(hua)。公共機(ji)(ji)構尤其是黨政(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)帶頭使用(yong)節能環(huan)(huan)保(bao)產品，推(tui)行綠色辦公，創建節約型(xing)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)。健全(quan)(quan)(quan)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)新(xin)聞(wen)發(fa)布機(ji)(ji)制，充(chong)分發(fa)揮各類(lei)媒體(ti)(ti)作用(yong)。省(sheng)、市(shi)(shi)兩(liang)級(ji)要(yao)依托黨報、電(dian)視(shi)臺、政(zheng)府網(wang)站，曝(pu)光突(tu)出環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問題，報道整改(gai)進展(zhan)情況。建立政(zheng)府、企業(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)社(she)會(hui)(hui)風險預防與化(hua)解機(ji)(ji)制。完(wan)善(shan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi)公開(kai)制度，加強(qiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特大(da)突(tu)發(fa)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)信(xin)息(xi)公開(kai)，對涉及(ji)(ji)群眾切身(shen)(shen)利益的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)項目(mu)及(ji)(ji)時主動(dong)(dong)公開(kai)。2020年年底(di)前(qian)，地級(ji)及(ji)(ji)以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)符合條件(jian)的(de)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)設施和(he)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)污水垃圾處理設施向社(she)會(hui)(hui)開(kai)放(fang)，接(jie)受公眾參觀。強(qiang)化(hua)排污者(zhe)主體(ti)(ti)責任，企業(ye)應嚴(yan)格守法，規范(fan)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)行為，落實資金投入(ru)、物資保(bao)障、生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護措施和(he)應急處置(zhi)主體(ti)(ti)責任。實施工業(ye)污染源全(quan)(quan)(quan)面達(da)標排放(fang)計劃。2018年年底(di)前(qian)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點排污單位(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)安裝自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)在線監控設備并同(tong)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)主管(guan)部(bu)門聯網(wang)，依法公開(kai)排污信(xin)息(xi)。到(dao)2020年，實現長江經(jing)濟帶入(ru)河(he)排污口監測全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆蓋，并將(jiang)監測數(shu)據納(na)入(ru)長江經(jing)濟帶綜合信(xin)息(xi)平臺。推(tui)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)社(she)會(hui)(hui)組織(zhi)和(he)志愿者(zhe)隊(dui)伍規范(fan)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)，引導環(huan)(huan)保(bao)社(she)會(hui)(hui)組織(zhi)依法開(kai)展(zhan)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護公益訴(su)訟等活動(dong)(dong)。按照國家有關(guan)規定表彰(zhang)對保(bao)護和(he)改(gai)善(shan)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有顯著(zhu)成(cheng)績(ji)的(de)單位(wei)和(he)個人。完(wan)善(shan)公眾監督(du)、舉報反饋機(ji)(ji)制，保(bao)護舉報人的(de)合法權益，鼓(gu)勵(li)設立有獎舉報基(ji)金。

新(xin)(xin)思想(xiang)引(yin)領新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代，新(xin)(xin)使命開啟新(xin)(xin)征程。讓我們更加緊密地團(tuan)結(jie)在以(yi)(yi)習近平同志為核心的黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)周圍，以(yi)(yi)習近平新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)國特(te)色社會主義思想(xiang)為指導，不忘初心、牢記使命，銳意進(jin)取、勇于擔(dan)當，全面(mian)加強生態環境保(bao)護(hu)，堅決打(da)好污染防治攻堅戰，為決勝全面(mian)建成小康社會、實現(xian)中(zhong)華民族偉大復興的中(zhong)國夢(meng)不懈奮斗。